Plato vs. Aristotle: "What Is My Purpose?" How 4 Different Philosophies Answer Life's Biggest Question

The question of life's purpose has puzzled thinkers for centuries. Two of the most influential philosophers—Plato and Aristotle—offered contrasting answers that still resonate today. Let’s explore their views alongside other philosophical perspectives to understand how different traditions approach this fundamental question.

NON-STOIC PHILOSOPHIES

1/29/20261 min read

1. Plato: Seeking the Realm of Forms and the Highest Good

For Plato, the purpose of life is to seek the Truth and the Perfect Forms—immaterial, unchanging ideals like Justice, Beauty, and Goodness. This pursuit involves intellectual, spiritual, and moral development, aiming to transcend the imperfect physical world.

In his vision, the philosopher’s role is to remember and contemplate these eternal truths, guiding society toward harmony and virtue. Happiness, in this sense, comes from aligning with the ultimate reality—the realm of Forms.

2. Aristotle: Living a Virtuous and Fulfilled Life

Aristotle approached purpose more practically. He believed that human life’s ultimate goal is Eudaimonia—often translated as “flourishing” or “living well.” For him, this is achieved through virtue and activity in accordance with reason.

He defined human purpose as the activity of our rational soul, guided by virtues like courage, justice, and temperance. Living according to these virtues over your entire life creates happiness, but also depends on external goods like health, friends, and resources.

3. The Enlightenment: Happiness and Individual Rights

During the Enlightenment, thinkers like Kant and Locke shifted focus to individual rights and personal happiness. The purpose of life became about exercising rational autonomy, moral responsibility, and pursuit of personal fulfillment within a just society.

Liberty, equality, and self-fulfillment became guiding principles, emphasizing that everyone has the capacity—and the right—to seek happiness and meaning.

4. Modern Perspectives: Self-Discovery and Personal Meaning

Today, many believe that the purpose of life is self-discovery—finding your unique passions, values, and purpose. Philosophers and psychologists emphasize authenticity, relationships, and contribution as keys to a fulfilling life.

This view argues that there is no fixed point—each individual creates their own purpose through choices, growth, and connection.

Final Thoughts

Whether seeking truth, virtue, happiness, or meaning, each philosophy offers valuable insights. The core question—"What is my purpose?"—remains central to human life. Exploring these diverse answers helps us craft our own path, living intentionally and fully.